Showing posts with label Mid-East. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mid-East. Show all posts

Chronicle Of A Massacre Of Druze In Syria Foretold



The Slaughter in Syria Was Known in Advance




Salman Masalha

Chronicle Of A Massacre Of Druze In Syria Foretold


The acts of slaughter in Syria and all the ensuing horrors instigated by the jihadi militias and the tribal rabble from among the supporters of the new Syrian ruler were engraved in the 14th century in religious rulings by Ibn Taymiyya, the spiritual teacher of al-Joulani and his motley crew of jihadist disciples. 

What has been happening in the Arab world for generation after generation is closely connected to the lack of a national identity that transcends sectarian and tribal borders. It is possible to declaim endless high-flown slogans about “one Arab nation,” but over and over again the reality comes along and smacks the sloganeers in the face.

The Nationalism is a Colonial Invention

On August 30, 1915, Vincent Arthur Henry McMahon, the British High Commissioner in the Sultanate of Egypt sent a missive to the head of the Hashemite dynasty and the Emir of Mecca, Sharif Hussein. In flowery Arabic, he assured in his letter that His Majesty’s Government is prepared to recognize and support the independence of the Arabs. He assured in his letter that His Majesty “would welcome the resumption of the caliphate by an Arab of true race”. McMahon  reconfirmed His majesty’s desire for the “independence of Arabia and its inhabitants, together with our approval of the Arab Khalifate when it should be proclaimed.”  He praised the Arab people, as opposed to the Turks, in an attempt to obtain Arab aid in defeating “the German and the Turk… the new despoiler and the old oppressor”, in what has become known as World War I.

In other words, it appears that the pan-Arab awakening in this region was fundamentally an invention by His Majesty’s Government. No Arab caliphate arose in the wake of the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Britain and France divided up the region among themselves in the Sykes-Picot Agreement that was signed in 1916, arbitrarily delineating the borders.  Additionally, the publication of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 prepared the ground for a Jewish national home. 

Among the states that sprang up in the region after the withdrawal of the colonial powers, Syria is a test case for these “national” entities. In this context, in 1925 the Druze in the Sweida Province, led by Sultan Basha al-Atrash, were the spearhead in the war against the French Mandate and in support for a united Syria that ultimately received its independence from France in 1946. However, it was not long before a series of coups began, culminating in the wresting of control by Hafez al-Assad, a member of the Alawite sect who for three decades led a cruel and oppressive regime.  As he approached his death, he took care to bequeath his rule to his young son Bashar al-Assad. 

The Arab Spring

At the end of 2010, the protests known as “the Arab Spring” flared up in Tunisia and sparks began to burn in demonstrations in Egypt and the rest of the Arab world that was under oppressive regimes.  In an interview to The Wall Street Journal, Bashar al-Assad hastened to say that Syria was an exceptional case. “We are not Tunisians and we are not Egyptians,” he declared. He justified his remarks by saying that what was happening in those countries stemmed from the public’s anger at the regimes and from what the West was perpetuating in Palestine, Iraq and other Muslim countries. He repeatedly claimed that Syria was immune to upsets like those because of its steadfast stance vis-à-vis Israel and the United States. 

Clearly Syria is not Egypt, but not for the reasons Assad gave. Egypt is different from Syria and different from the other Arab states. This is because in Egypt there does exist a kind of Egyptian national identity. None of the the Egyptian presidents – neither Nasser and Mubarak nor Sisi – based themselves on any particular tribe or sect. The regime in Egypt is based on national institutions, especially the institution of the  military, which is not sectarian at all. That is not the case in the other Arab states, which have been ruled by bloodthirsty dictators, the sole prop for whose regimes has been tribal and sectarian, and who have been fawned upon by sycophants from other interest groups. 

It is worth mentioning another facet of what is called “the Arab spring.” It is not by chance that this “spring” was not experienced in countries that are kingdoms, like Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the other emirates. The Arab kingdoms survived the tribulations of the Arab spring because royal regimes have been deeply embedded in Arab societies for centuries. All the regimes that are called republics have flown the banner of nationalism in vain.  In none of those states has a nation been created nor has a nationalism sprung up that blends citizens from different sects, ethnic groups and religions into a single, inclusive civic identity.  Neither in Iraq nor in Syria has a nation arisen and begun to walk. In none of those countries has a ruler succeeded in establishing, or has even intended to establish, a nation state for its citizenry worthy of the name. There is no light at the end of the sewer of the Arab tribal-sectarian world

Thus, for example, there is the hostility between the two tyrannical regimes in Syria and Iraq under the rule of the Ba’ath Party, with its motto of pan-Arab nationalism, which was equal to or greater than their hostility towards Israel. In this context, Hafez al-Assad did not hesitate to support the United States in its war against Saddam Hussein, thereby revealing the hollowness of the Ba’ath slogan “One Arab nation.” 

Nor did the elder Assad, as he was dying, hesitate to change the rules and lower the age of eligibility for the presidency as stipulated in the Syrian constitution, in order to pave the way for his son, young Bashar, to inherit his rule. The amendment of the constitutional provision for the sake of Bashar al-Assad was approved in a national referendum by a majority of 97%, as befits regimes of that sort.

At the start of his regime in 2000, many pinned hopes on Assad Junior, an ophthalmologist educated in the West. At the outset, he released political prisoners and to some extent permitted freedom of speech. However, that spring in Damascus did not last long. It quickly became clear that Bashar al-Assad had not fallen far from his father’s sectarian-tribal tree, and he began to oppress political opponents. Further along, he sent buses to park in front of the American embassy in Damascus and filled them with Islamist volunteers to fight against the United States in Iraq. These Islamists and others who fought the Americans in Iraq ultimately formed the “spiritual” basis of ISIS. Among those who flocked to Syria in the early 2000s was none other than Abu Muhammad al-Joulani. There he met Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a senior jihadist in al-Qaeda. Al-Joulani was captured and spent several years in an American prison. After he somehow managed to slip out of there, he met Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of al-Qaeda, and he returned to Syria with al-Baghdadi’s blessing to fight Assad’s regime. He gathered around himself jihadists from all over: Chechens, Uyghurs, and Arabs from many different places, for a war against the Assad regime and to conquer extensive areas of Syria.  

In 2013, al-Joulani sent a letter to al-Baghdadi, in which he set out his plan to expel the minorities from all of Syria and establish a purely Sunni Islamic state there. Al-Joulani, as he told American journalist Martin Smith who met him in Syria, did not admire al-Baghdadi, neither as leader nor from an intellectual perspective. In this context, in addition to the struggle for control in the entity straddling the border between Iraq and Syria, al-Baghdadi decided to move into Syria with his people, adopt a new name and declare the establishment of the Islamic State. 

In an interview to Al-Jazeera in 2015, al-Joulani noted that the disagreements between al-Qaeda and his faction, Jabhat al-Nusra, stemmed, inter alia, from the breaking of the oath ISIS has sworn to al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Additionally, he said, most of the ISIS leaders were Iraqis who focused on action inside Iraq, who did not devote attention to the war on Assad’s regime in Syria and who had no qualms about killing people from Jabhat al-Nusra. As proof of his statements, he told the interviewer that ISIS people were killing Shi’ites in Iraq but refraining from killing Alawites in Syria, the bedrock of Assad’s regime. The Alawites, too, according to Ibn Taymiyya’s doctrine, are heretics like the Druze.

The First Massacre of  the Druze

For hundreds of years, a Druze minority of about 20,000 souls lived scattered in a number of villages in the Idlib Governorate of Syria, which borders on Turkey. Al-Joulani’s plan regarding the future of the minorities in Syria began to be implemented in the Druze villages there, in a way involving crimes like those ISIS committed against the Yazidi minority in Iraq. Al-Joulani’s jihadists began the campaign of oppressing the Druze minority in northern Syria by destroying their prayer halls, blowing up sites holy to them and forcibly compelling Druze to convert. In June of 2015 they carried out the first massacre of Druze. This happened in the village of Qalb-Loze. There, the Jabhat al-Nusra people murdered tens of Druze elders and children in cold blood

It must be noted here that, ever since the days of Hafez al-Assad, who ruled Syria on a tribal-sectarian basis, the Islamists have borne in their hearts burning hatred for the Ba’ath regime.  They have not forgotten for a moment that the elder Assad slaughtered members of the Muslim Brotherhood in the city of Hama in 1982. The younger Assad inherited his father’s rule and perpetuated his sectarian-tribal legacy. When the sparks of the “Arab Spring” reached Syria, he began slaughtering members of the “Arab Nation” and even surpassed his father’s murderousness. When he saw that the uprising against him was gaining strength and undermining his rule, Bashar al-Assad asked Russia, Iran and its affiliate Hezbollah for help. For another decade he continued to bomb and destroy indiscriminately the cities of Syria, killing their inhabitants until the moment the regime collapsed at the end of 2024, when he fled to Moscow. 

Slaughter Follows Slaughter

As al-Joulani’s militias moved from the Idlib area in the direction of Damascus, Assad’s army rapidly disintegrated. Within a short time, al-Joulani entered the presidential palace in Damascus as a victor. However, before doing so he went, surrounded by his people, to the Umayyad Great Mosque in Damascus, on the ruins of a Byzantine church that had been built on the ruins of a Roman temple that had been built on the ruins of an Aramean temple.  It was not by chance that he first entered the grand mosque that is a symbol of the Islamic caliphate of the Umayyad dynasty. After entering the presidential palace, he stripped off his uniform and donned a suit and tie. He also discarded his nom de guerre and returned to his original name, Ahmed Al-Sharaa.  

However, Al-Shaara’s caliphate in a suit did not change the essence of the new regime. His entry into the Great Mosque surrounded by his supporters was a symbolic move that signaled what was to come. Al-Joulani was borne aloft into the presidential palace on by jihadist militias from all kinds of tribal and ethnic groups, some of which are not Syrian and some of them not Arab. All these groups are imbued with an ISIS-Islamist ideology, like the new leader himself. 

The Druze Position in the Civil War

When the Civil War in Syria began in 2011, and the magnitude of the killing Assad was carrying out among people of “his nation” became clear, the Druze leadership in Jabal al-Druze came to the decision prohibiting young Druze men from joining Assad’s army that relied on the Alawite sect, because it realized that the war was becoming a sectarian war in which they did not want to take part. Initially, the leadership adopted a neutral position and demanded that the Druze soldiers remain in the Sweida Governorate on order to defend themselves in their own areas in the midst of the general chaos, and also to resist the jihadists if they approached their areas. 

The ISIS Slaughter of the Druze

This position was inimical to Assad, who depicted himself as the guardian of the minorities in Syria vis-à-vis ISIS. And in July of 2018, ISIS militias invaded Druze villages in the governorate, killed and abducted children and women and in a series of suicide attacks in the city of al-Sweida killed and wounded hundreds of Druze. Ultimately the Druze militias in the Jabal Druze succeeded in defeating the ISIS jihadist militias. The Druze accused the Assad regime of collaborating with the ISIS fighters who brought people in buses from the Yarmuk Refugee Camp near Damascus into the desert area east of Jabal al-Druze. That was in the framework of an agreement between the Syrian regime and ISIS people who controlled the refugee camp. Druze inhabitants related that the day before the massacre all the means of communication in the area were cut off and there was total silence. 

As noted, the Druze had tried to maintain a low profile and distance themselves from all the bloodshed that was inundating Syria. They gave refuge in the Sweida Governorate to tens of thousands of Muslims who fled from the Assad regime’s army that was slaughtering them. In recent years the Druze also held mass demonstrations every Friday in the city of al-Sweida and demanded the toppling of the Assad regime. 

Two years later, on December 8, 2024, the blood regime came to its end, Assad was boarded onto a plan and smuggled by the Russians to Moscow. The Assad army fell apart and al-Joulani’s militias entered the presidential palace in Damascus.

Will the Leopard Change Its Spots?

As noted, al-Joulani was borne aloft into the presidential palace by many jihadist militias.  Despite his initial moderate declarations, it was the Alawites’ turn to suffer under the blows of the jihadist ideology. In March of 2025, al-Joulani’s people and other militias attacked Alawite communities in the Syrian coastal hills and slaughtered thousands of civilians, claiming that this was in a clash with soldiers from the remnants of the previous regime’s army, and out of a desire to disarm the remnants of the previous regime. From the perspective of the other minority sects, this was a flashing blood-red warning light. 

The Druze in the Sweida Governorate refused to hand over their weapons as the new regime in Damascus demanded before receiving assurances as to the nature of the regime that would arise in Syria. They demanded that before disarmament they had to come to agreements as to a number of principles having to do with the character of the new regime. Among other things, they insisted on the principle of participation all the sectarian and ethnic elements in in the governing, as well as separation of religion and the state. The response by al-Joulani’s army in cooperation with the jihadist militias was the perpetration of a massacre in Sahnaya and Ashrafiyya, Druze areas in the suburbs of Damascus. This took place at the end of April 2025, in the wake of the distribution of faked recording in which a Druze sheikh is supposedly heard speaking in condemnation of the Prophet Muhammad. This slaughter aroused great anger both in the Sweida Governorate and among the Druze in Israel, who demonstrated and demanded intervention by Israel. In the wake of that, Israel warned the al-Shaara regime against attacks on the Druze and made it clear that it would not hesitate to intervene if the attacks on the Druze did not cease.

Agreements were reached between the Druze leadership in Sweida and people from al-Joulani’s government to the effect that the local Druze inhabitants would run matters in the governorate in cooperation with a governor appointment by the authorities in Damascus. Thus, a head of the governorate on behalf of Damascus was appointed, he entered into talks with the Druze leadership and it appeared that the situation had calmed. Additionally, an officer from al-Joulani’s army was appointed to serve as the governor in the Quneitra Governorate and was subsequently put in charge of internal security in the Sweida Governorate. This officer, Ahmad al-Dalati by name, had served in the past as a liaison officer with Israel and it has been reported that he has met several times with the Israeli side in the Golan Heights with the aim of reducing the tension between Israel and al-Shaara’s regime.

On Saturday, July 12, Israeli and Syrian representatives met in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, to discuss the situation between the two countries in southern Syria, the Golan and especially Jabal al-Druze. Details of the agreements between the two side at this meeting have not leaked. However, Ahmad al-Dalati, who is in charge of security in Sweida, sent a kind of summary of the talks in Baku to a person who is living in London. Al-Dalati wrote: “The Israelis told us that they no longer consider the al-Sweida Governorate to be a red line for them, and that we can continue to implement the necessary security measures as they have been implemented in the other Syrian governorates.”

The very ext day al-Joulani’s forces headed towards Jabal al-Druze on their killing spree. They bombarded the Druze villages, beheaded people, looted, abducted women and children and shaved the mustaches of Druze sheikhs as a symbol of religious humiliation. In short, nothing was missing from the crimes of the jihad against “the heretics,” as enumerated in the chronicles of tribal and Islamic history.

The outcry among the Druze in Sweida and their pleas for help from the Druze in Israel, who demonstrated against the slaughter in Sweida and burst across the border into Syria. This impelled Israel to bomb the Syrian military command headquarters and the grounds of the presidential palace in Damascus. 

Al-Shaara’s regime went on to take revenge on the Druze in another way. Claiming that the Druze had attacked Bedouin in the area of Sweida, Sunni tribal militias, were recruited and sent to slaughter Druze. Government forces also participated in the spree of killing and destruction in the Druze villages in the Sweida Governorate. 

Just as in the massacre by Hamas on October 7 in the Gaza border communities, here too in Jabal al-Druze the murderers recorded themselves carrying out the crimes as they shouted “Allahu akbar.” A BBC correspondent reported from the region that the commander of one of the jihadist militias, Abu Hudhayfa by name, gave orders to his people and explained that “the aim is to kill the Druze heretics.” He added: “We don’t want to take prisoners. Kill everyone you find, whether a child or an old person.” Christians, who are also “heretics” in the eyes of the jihadists and who live in peace with the Druze in Sweida, were also a target for the murderous raids. In one locality, they massacred an entire Christian family of about 20 people. The father of the family was originally a Druze, who converted to Christianity and became a priest and the head of the local church, living in peace for years with the Druze and the Christians there. 

In a leaked recording attributed to al-Dalati, the man in charge of security in Sweida, he asks his security people and the other militias not to upload the videos they film to the internet. In the meantime, he is heard saying, it is necessary to let the security forces and the tribal people crush the sons of bitches. After they take over the place, you can upload as much as you want. 

Even if the recording is not of al-Dalati but rather of the commander of some other jihadist militia, the remarks speak for themselves.  In videos posted by Al-Joulani’s people and jihadist militias, they filmed themselves raiding Druze communities and they are heard reciting quotations from 14th century religious rulings about how to treat the Druze. 

What Do Those Religious Rulings Say?

The reference is to a ruling by Ibn Taymiyya, who is known as Sheikh al-Islam and is considered the guiding light by disciples of the jihadist movement such as al-Qaeda, ISIS, Jabhat al-Nusra and the like. This is the “spiritual”  breeding ground of al-Joulani and others among the Islamist fanatics. With regard to the Druze, Ibn Tamiyya wrote in his ruling that “there is no one among the Muslims who disagrees that the Druze are heretics. And anyone who doubts this is himself a heretic like them.” He added that they are even worse than the Jews and the Christians and other idolators: “They do not have the status of People of the Book or the polytheists who also  have other gods beside Allah.” And about how treat them he added: “It is prohibited to eat of their food, their women will be taken captive, and their property will be confiscated ... They must be killed everywhere they are to be found, and their repentance must not be accepted.” 

This is the “cultural baggage” on which the jihadists have been educated. Thus, there is no cause for astonishment at the horrific acts of slaughter in the Jabal Druze that were carried out by al-Joulani’s messengers, the jihadist agents and the tribesmen assembled from all kinds of places in Syria with the aim of murdering, slaughtering, abducting and carrying out whatever they are ordered to do by their incurable teachers of the above-mentioned murderous ideology. 

It is hard to know what will happen in Syria in the foreseeable future. However, looking at the jihadist tradition and the  modern history of Syria with its decades of oppressive and murderous rule by Assad the father, Assad the son who inherited the rule and oppression from his father and even surpassed him in murderousness, and now the holy spirit of the new murderous regime from the school of Ibn Tamiyya and his disciples, there is apparently no light at the end of this sewer. Syria, as it is sprouting up before our eyes is perhaps the clearest symbol of a double failure, the failure of pan-Arab nationalism and the failure of what might be called Arab nation-statism. 

As long as those who dwell in this part of the world do not understand the source of this failure, it does not look as though the future is offering them any change for the better.  

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Published in MEMRI

 

For Hebrew press here

 

The Pillars of Netanyahu’s ‘Peace’


To study the nonsensical nature of Netanyahu’s rhetoric about regional peace, it is wise to return to the source, to his original habitat

Netanyahu and Nasrallah - Two messianic leaders


Indeed, this is a very benighted region. The source of darkness is a life lived in myths of the past.

Israel and Iran: War Games

As each side calls the other a Satan, Iran can continue to entrench its influence in the Arab world and Israel can continue to occupy Palestine unhampered

Salman Masalha ||

Israel and Iran: War Games 


The airstrikes attributed to Israel deep inside Syria, aimed at weapons shipments to Hezbollah or at Iranian bases and missile stocks, and the launching of an Iranian drone into Israel have been nothing but war games, with their boundaries set in advance. This is a cat-and-mouse game played by Iran and Israel.

It’s hard to imagine a scenario in which total war erupts between Iran and Israel. Such a war, if it broke out, would sow devastation and exact an intolerable toll in human lives.

It doesn’t seem likely that the ayatollahs in Tehran and their counterparts in Jerusalem are unaware of these destructive implications. Such a war could draw in other countries in the region and require the intervention of the big powers to stop the destruction. Therefore, the scuffle between Iran and Israel must be viewed as war games that serve the purposes of both sides. Israel and Iran need each other because each fulfills the other's goals.

Iran needs Israel in order to expand its sphere of influence across the Arab countries in the region, because as long as Israel maintains its occupation in Palestine, Iran can keep feeding the Arab world declarations about the Little Satan and the Zionist entity that must be annihilated. It well knows the intensity of anti-Israel sentiment in the Arab world.

Thus Tehran, without much effort, can show people in these countries that their leaders are incompetent. Iran continues to gain; it can send out its long tentacles and further entrench its influence in the Arab world.

Iran isn’t doing anything new. It learned these games from Arab leaders who have used the Palestinian issue to block any demand for freedom by their citizens. The Palestinian problem has helped perpetuate the rule of Arab tyrants.

Israel also needs Iran. Just as Iran calls Israel the Little Satan (compared to the great American one), Israel also portrays Iran as the devil incarnate.

Portraying Iran as the Great Satan fits the way some Arab leaders perceive the danger of the ayatollahs trying to undermine their regimes. This has also led to the prevailing view on the Israeli right that seeks a regional peace agreement that includes “moderate Sunni states” as defined by Israel. The big Iranian devil serves the interests of Israel’s right, letting it push aside dealing with the Palestinian problem, portraying it as less pressing. Israel can claim that the conflict with the Palestinians isn’t the main issue needing resolution on the road to establishing a new order in the Middle East.

Thus there’s some mutual back-scratching in these war games. Iran can continue to entrench its influence in the Arab world and Israel can continue to occupy Palestine unhampered and without international pressure to end the occupation. This in a nutshell is all there is to the game of conflict theory guiding Iran and Israel. The problem is that sometimes war games get out of control.


Haaretz, May 8, 2018


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Syria and the Illusion of Arab Solidarity


The Syria Crisis Exposed Nothing More Than The Failure Of Arab Leaders And The Illusion Of Arab Solidarity

Salman Masalha ||

Syria and the Illusion of Arab Solidarity



"There is no morality in the politics of the superpowers, and all the more so where wars are concerned, especially when they take place in distant arenas. In such a situation, self-interest dictates policy, and these interests – even when couched in honeyed words – are ultimately economic interests. The people and their fate are not taken into account in the calculations of profit and loss of the superpowers' policymakers.

"For example, let us examine the recent statement by Russian General Vladimir Shamanov in the Russian parliament. He stated that the Russian army had brought 200 types of new Russian weapons [systems] to the battlefields in Syria, to test them. The general added that these experiments proved the efficacy of the Russian weapons, which will increase the sales of Russian arms worldwide and advance the Russian economy. We are aware that the Russian economy is based solely on the military industries and that Russia has nothing to export to the world other than its military products. What this means is that the Russian war in Syria is an [just] an opportunity for the Russian Czar [President Vladimir Putin] to try out the new Russian weapons. What is true of Russia in this sphere is also true of the U.S. and of the other powers. As I said, there are no morals in politics.

"That's how Syria, with its ethnic and religious complexities, became an arena for disputes and tugs of war [between parties with conflicting interests], and a testing ground for the regional and international forces. In its calls on the 'international community' to intervene to bring an end to the Syrian tragedy, the Arab leadership expresses only its own shameful national failure to deal with what is happening in its own Arab back yard.

"If there really and truly was a thing called 'Arabism,' meaning strong connections [of solidarity], those same [leaders] and those like them wouldn't be calling on the 'international community' to interfere so as to bring an end to these massacres and acts of slaughter. If these [leaders] were real Arabs, connected to one another by strong bonds, they would have intervened themselves to stop the slaughter of their own people. Are they not leaders of countries that have tremendous armies? So how is it that in a situation like this they stand with their arms folded and charge the 'foreigners' from the international community to intervene and solve their problems? Why don't they do what they are asking the international community to do?

"And furthermore, note the difference between the way the other [non-Arab] world treated the refugees who knocked on its gates and the way the Arabs treated the refugees, who are supposedly fellow Muslims. Is it not the case that the refugee camps are only to be found in Arab and Muslim lands? What about the millions who migrated to Europe? Those millions are not living in refugee camps, but are being absorbed into European cities and becoming citizens there. Only in the lands of the Arabs and the Muslims, such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, are the Arab [refugees] crowded into disgraceful camps. And what does this mean? It means one thing – that the Arabs and Muslims are not [really] taking in the refugees, unlike the European countries, which are 'infidel' [countries] according to the ideologies by which they [the Arabs and Muslims] have been educated from birth.

"This state of affairs, which is obvious to all, does it not mean that what is referred to as 'Arabism' is nothing more than a baseless illusion? And furthermore, when a regime that attributes Arabism to itself, such as the Syrian regime, is helped by foreign Russian planes to murder those who are meant to be its 'citizens' or 'its people,' does that not mean that what is supposed to be a single people is not a single people at all?

"These truths that are obvious to us mean that every Arab who retains a shred of human dignity should be ashamed of belonging to this wretched nation and its leaders, of every stream, who have long been feeding [the nation] empty slogans. Long decades of chewing over slogans achieved have nothing for the Arab citizen. What have these slogans yielded after all those decades? The Arabs have become groups of people with nothing that unites them, who wander aimlessly in a world that is becoming a political, social, cultural, and moral desert.

"The Arab world has become an testing ground for the superpowers, and the Arabs have become the aimlessly wandering guinea pigs who can't find a way out of their crises. These are truths that are obvious to all and cannot be hidden or swept under the carpet."


Translated by Memri

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How We All Got Here

Reflections on Israeli independence day, the Nakba and how the thugs of tribal and religious nationalism from both peoples are tightly grasping the fabric of the land


Salman Masalha ||

How We All Got Here 


Three reflections on independence and the Nakba:

1. Despite the fierce opposition to Israelization by Arab politicians of all stripes in Israel, for some reason the Palestinian citizens of the country actually behave like the ultimate Israelis. Their Israeliness is so deeply rooted that they mark Nakba Day according to the Jewish calendar, on the 5th of the month of Iyar – Israel’s Independence Day.

And lo and behold, when Independence Day is moved up a day at the request of the Chief Rabbinate over fear of a mass desecration of Shabbat, the Israeli Palestinians also move up their Nakba Day commemoration, as if they and the Rabbinate were Siamese twins.

The Palestinians in the occupied territories, in comparison, mark the event on May 15, according to the secular calendar, and no one commemorates the Nakba according to the Muslim calendar, which moves from year to year.

Maybe they do this because they’re afraid that
it will dissociate them from Israel’s Independence Day, or maybe according to the saying attributed to the Prophet Mohammed: “Among all the nations of the world, you are the most like the children of Israel. You follow them step after step.”

2. All those accused of criminal acts – murderers, rapists, robbers or any other criminals – will always claim they are innocent, usually with the aid of experienced lawyers, in the hope that this will earn them points on the day their verdict is handed down and they ask for a lighter sentence. In many cases, even after the criminal is thrown in prison, he continues to claim his innocence, to search for more witnesses, to offer more evidence and ask for a retrial. He can be an ordinary citizen or a public figure, a Knesset member or prime minister.

The common Zionist is no different in this aspect. By virtue of his Zionist essence and his being here, he will always claim his innocence in causing the Nakba for the Palestinians. He will not recognize reality because the Nakba is a lie and because there is nothing because there was nothing. Four years ago, Moshe Arens tried to repel any attempt or even any hint of recognizing the disaster that befell on the Arab residents of the land with the establishment of the “Jewish” state. (“The Nakba - Perpetuating a Lie,” Haaretz, May 19, 2014)

3. On the Palestinian side too, we cannot expect an Arab to question the actions of his “leaders,” who have led him to this point. He, too, will not recognize the situation created here. It is no coincidence that there are no new Arab or Palestinian historians. For them to arise, Arab society needs to have a democratic substructure of free thought, with mechanisms for self-criticism.

An intellectual infrastructure for conducting self-examination does not exist in Arab culture. From the point of view of Arab rulers and tribal leaders, the implications of self-criticism are far-reaching. They could very well bring about the end of their tribal hegemony, allowing other tribes or ethnic groups to rise up in their stead. These would replace them, take control of the reins of power and fill their own pockets and those of their friends with coin. This is the way it has been since time immemorial, and this is still the way it is to this very day.

And this is how we all have reached this point. The thugs of tribal and religious nationalism from both peoples are tightly grasping the fabric of the land. One says, “It’s all mine,” the other says the same thing, and they cannot find a way to divide it. And the land drinks its fill of blood, sweat and tears over the years.

It seems that this good land is sick and tired of both of them.
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Haaretz, April 18, 2018

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For Arabic, press here

The Massacre of Arab Nationalism


Salman Masalha ||

The Massacre of Arab Nationalism


The Israel Defense Forces are slaughtering Palestinian civilians on the border of the Gaza Strip. Bashar Assad’s regime continues to slaughter Syrian civilians. And the entire world is sitting and watching with folded hands. Tweets, Facebook posts and press statements – these are the lip service the world knows how to pay to silence its conscience. But let’s focus on the Arab world, which presumes to describe itself as a single nation.

It must be admitted that the siege imposed on Gaza ever since Hamas took power there isn’t just an Israeli siege. It’s also an Arab one – because a single Egyptian decision would be enough to break the siege on Gaza’s border with Egypt. After all, the Egyptians pretend to be “Arab brothers,” and also “Sunni Muslim brothers.” Astoundingly, however, they aren’t Arab brothers at all.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas has also joined in the festival of abuse heaped on Gaza residents. Every so often, he imposes sanctions on them and cuts the salaries of employees and bureaucrats.

The Palestinian issue always served repressive Arab regimes as a pretext for rejecting all civic demands from within their own countries for freedom, democracy, economic development and jobs for the young. These repressive regimes always beat their citizens with the stick of the slogan “Palestine is the top Arab issue,” and the slogan that followed from it, “No voice will take precedence over the voice of the war” to liberate Palestine. These slogans were the opium which with the regimes silenced and neutralized any aspiration for domestic political and social change.

Thus it’s no wonder that the intifadas that swept the region and became known as the “Arab Spring” occurred precisely in those presidential regimes that raised the standard of Arab nationalism and other empty slogans, such as freedom and socialism.

The past several years have provided decisive proof that all the pompous Arab slogans from the ideological school of the Syrian and Iraqi Ba’ath parties, about “a single Arab nation with an eternal mission,” were empty ones.

In this context, it’s worth noting that after the champions of these Ba’ath slogans, Assad’s father Hafez and Saddam Hussein, seized power in Syria and Iraq, respectively, there was no sign of these ideas of the unity of the “Arab nation” and its “eternal mission” being implemented on the ground. On the contrary, both in Syria and Iraq the “pan-Arab national party” served as a platform on which both tyrants, the Syrian and the Iraqi, built a sectarian and tribal regime.

In Syria, in every key governmental post, Assad placed members of his own tribe and sect – brothers, uncles, cousins – along with bootlickers from other communities, who received only governmental crumbs. Saddam Hussein did the same in Iraq. The empty slogans of Arab nationalism received grotesque expression in the 1991 Gulf War, when the elder Assad sent Syrian soldiers to join the American-led coalition that fought against Saddam Hussein, who had invaded Kuwait. So the standard-bearer of Arab nationalism from Damascus fought alongside the “imperialist” American superpower (to use the Ba’athists’ own term) against their “Arab brothers,” who ostensibly advocated the same ideology.

Recent years have provided evidence not just of the absolute failure of pan-Arab nationalism, but also additional evidence of the failure of the Arab “nation-states” created by the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement. Syria is the salient example of this failure.

The Syrian civil war, which has claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and created millions of refugees, along with Bashar Assad’s use of chemical weapons against Syrian civilians, show that there is no “Syrian people.” A president who slaughters civilians who are supposed to be “members of his own nation” has through these crimes removed the mask he wore for many years and revealed the naked, tribal-sectarian truth for all to see.

In the face of these sights, every self-respecting Arab must recalculate his path.
*
Haaretz, April 9, 2018

***
For Hebrew, press here
For Arabic, press here

Iran’s Messianic War




The importance of Iran's involvement in Syria is rooted in Iran's vision of the Shi'ite apocalypse
Messianic meeting - Tehran

Salman Masalha ||

Iran’s Messianic War


Iran's involvement in Syria's civil war did not grow simply out of its strategic interests in the region. The importance of events in Syria transcends mere worldly matters and is rooted in Iran’s messianic vision of the Shi’ite apocalypse. Iranian religious leaders believe the Islamic revolution that founded their state paves the way for the appearance of the Mahdi – the Shi’ite messiah – who will bring final justice to the world.

The Islamic revolution, which brought the ayatollahs to power in Iran, awakened messianic demons from their sleep. The rulers dreamed of a greater Iran and acted to export the revolution beyond their borders. For this purpose they made Palestine and Al-Quds their first priority. They turned the name Palestine into a club with which to bash the incompetent Arab leaders.

The ayatollahs wanted to use the Palestinian cause to gain the support of the Arab masses, which are sympathetic to the Palestinians’ aspirations. They learned to use the Palestinian issue from other Arab rulers. Since Sunni Islam’s rise to power in Turkey, Iran’s leaders have been embroiled in a lively competition over this issue with Sultan Erdogan.

But Syria is important to Iran for messianic reasons because according to Shi’ite traditions, the Mahdi’s reincarnation is associated with a bloody civil war that will take place in Syria and cause hundreds of thousands of deaths. It begins on a small scale then escalates. Every time it seems to be calming down in one area, it bursts out in another, until the Mahdi appears.

Shi’ite traditions based on statements of Shi’a founder Ali ibn Abi Talib also refer to the yellow-flag carriers, who come from the west and take part in the war in Syria. Some even link this tradition to the color of Hezbollah’s flags, as did Iranian parliament member Roh Allah Hosseinian, whose statements were cited by the Iranian news agency.

The message was clear: When the yellow-flag carriers fighting against the Shi’ites’ enemies in Damascus are joined by the Iranian forces, it’s a sign of the Mahdi’s imminent appearance.

Messianic meeting - Jerusalem
The Islamic Shi’ites couldn’t care less, from the religious point of view, about Palestine and Jerusalem. Jerusalem and the Al-Aqsa Mosque carry no religious significance to the Shi’ites. The Shi’ite interpretation of the Koran proverb mentioning Al-Aqsa says it means “a mosque of above” located in the sky rather than in Jerusalem. For the Shi’ite faith, the Great Mosque of Kufa, in Iraq, is holier than the one in Jerusalem.

The Shi’ite end of days plot also has a twist – the Arabs won’t get any joy from the Mahdi’s coming, because when he appears, “only the sword will talk between him and the Arabs.” Can these religious traditions explain the atrocities committed by the Alawi regime, supported by Iran and Hezbollah, against the Syrian “Arabs,” who belong to the Sunni faction?

Wonder of wonders, when the Shi’ite Mahdi appears, he will bear God’s explicit name in Hebrew. He will also hold Moses’ staff, wear Solomon’s seal and carry the Israelites’ Ark of the Covenant, in which the Divine Presence (shekhina) dwells. With the ark with the Divine Presence he will conquer cities and countries and impose law and justice in the world.

If this is the state of affairs in the end of days, it seems all the commotion between the Tehran regime and the Jerusalem regime is over nothing. All that remains is to call for an Israeli-Iranian messianic convention to sort out the dispute between the Shi’ite messiah and the Jewish one.

It appears the disagreements are not significant and the gaps can easily be bridged. Surely the Jewish messiah’s followers can explain to the Shi’ite messiah’s followers that they came to the wrong address.

And with such wacky rulers in the region, go build a modern state!

*
Haaretz, Jan 5, 2018

***
For Hebrew, press here

The Israeli Media Is Hostile

The media sought out cheap Arabist manipulators who tried to bring depth to their analyses and assert that the fires were linked to terror.

Mosque Loudspeakers Disturb The Arabs Too


People in the Arab world suffer greatly from this worrying phenomenon and are seeking a solution to it, and Muslim clerics are likewise working to resolve it.

Jewish and degenerate

Racism and chauvinism, regardless of which side they come from, destroy every bit of gray matter in the human brain

Zealots and Fools Should Not Oversee Jerusalem Holy Sites

Salman Masalha ||
| Zealots Should Not Oversee Holy Sites |


Only objective secularists can safeguard the holiness attributed to these sites, to preserve the holiness of humankind, and prevent bloodshed.

Our troubles come from us


Salman Masalha ||

Our troubles come from us


"This week, Israel celebrated its 67th independence day. It is not easy to speak of this event in an Arab newspaper, because the mere mention of Israel's name in the Arab arena arouses many emotions. For the past decades, Israel's name has, in the imagination of Arab peoples, been tied to the name Palestine and [Palestine's] Nakba. So much ink has been spilled, and so many hours of broadcast have been devoted to discussion of the so-called 'primary problem of the Arabs.'

The Spring of the Arab Monarchies

 Arab Spring

Published in Arabic: Middle East Transparent [1]

Salman Masalha || 
The Spring of the Arab Monarchies


"Here we are, approaching the end of the fourth year of the uprisings that erupted in more than one country across the Arab world, from East to West. I intentionally say 'uprisings,' since what happened in recent years in all these countries cannot in any way be termed 'revolution' in the political science sense of the word.

The war racket in the Middle East serves the U.S.

Wages of war



Salman Masalha ||
The war racket in the Middle East serves the U.S.

As a U.S. senator, Kerry was among the lawmakers with the most money invested in companies with Department of Defense contracts and who earned the most from these investments.

Why America can't figure out the Middle East

What America fails to see 


Salman Masalha || 
Why America can't figure out the Middle East

When you lack history how can you understand societies steeped in the past?

Terrorism's roots lie in literal Islam

Islam needs a revolution

Only a root canal of Islam’s ideas can move the Arab and Muslim world toward modernity.


Salman Masalha ||

Terrorism's roots lie in literal Islam

Looking only backwards

This entire region is comprised of artificial states that have never managed to create cross-tribal or cross-ethnic national unity, and have always been ruled in the shadow of the bloody, torn past.


Salman Masalha ||
Looking only backwards: 
Nothing new in the Middle East

The Arabs are flocking back to the tribe


Salman Masalha ||

The Arabs are flocking back to the tribe


In the Jewish sector many voters didn’t bother to show up at the polling places for the municipal elections. Some commentators have linked the low turnout to the disappearance of the national political parties from the local scene. By way of contrast, the Arab sector flocked en masse to the polling stations in order to cast the right ballots. “A festival of democracy” is how the Hebrew media labeled the high voter turnout in the Arab sector.

The code to Damascus


To fathom why the bloody Syrian civil war shows no sign of abating, one has to understand the tribal mentality of the Arab region.

Salman Masalha || 
The code to Damascus

MIDDLE EAST
  • War Games

    Israel also needs Iran. Just as Iran calls Israel the Little Satan (compared to the great American one), Israel also portrays Iran as the devil incarnate...
    Read More
  • Arab Nationalism?

    The past several years have provided decisive proof that all the pompous Arab slogans from the ideological school of the Syrian and Iraqi Ba’ath parties...
    Read More
ISRAEL-PALESTINE
  • For Jews only

    The Jewish messianic understanding of the "Land of Israel" is what dictated the move. Now Netanyahu will surely find a way around the High Court with general Jewish support.
  • Make way for Barghouti

    As long as Abbas bears the title “president of Palestine,” he will keep sitting there praising Palestine. But he will be bearing this name in vain...

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